特朗普政府关于贸易战这些说辞，连美媒也听不下去了（组图）

特朗普政府关于贸易战这些说辞，美媒发现有不少漏洞...

据报道，美方日前对2000亿美元中国输美商品加征的关税从10%上调至25%。

对于特朗普政府关于贸易战的一些说辞，美媒也听不下去了，指出了很多逻辑和事实漏洞...

漏洞一：美国民众可购买本土生产的商品避税。

Via edition.cnn.com；特朗普政府称买美国本土产品可有效避免支付关税，事实真的如此？

Via AP

In attempting to justify his decision to raise tariffs on hundreds of billions of dollars of Chinese imports into the US, President Donald Trump has suggested that the best way to avoid them is not to buy Chinese-made products. In other words, just buy American, Trump argues.

特朗普政府为了“合理化”对中国进口商品征加关税的做法，称美国人最好的“避税”办法是避免买中国生产的商品，买美国本土生产的商品。

On Monday, Trump tweeted: "There is no reason for the U.S. Consumer to pay the Tariffs," and that they can be "completely avoided if you buy from a non-Tariffed Country, or you buy the product inside the USA (the best idea). That's Zero Tariffs."

本周一（当地时间），特朗普在推特上称，“让美国消费者支付关税没道理”，因为“美国消费者如果购买未被征收关税国家的商品，就能避开关税。或者你可以购买美国本土生产的商品（最好的办法）。零关税。”

Via edition.cnn.com

乍一听有道理，但稍加思考，美媒就察觉出不对劲了...

理想很美好，但现实很骨感。

Most of the Chinese products subject to tariffs simply aren't made in the US, including apparel and electronic components. For those few items where there is an American made alternative, there is also the problem of scalability: US companies simply lack the capacity to create the number of products that come from China. In that regard, Trump's suggestion that there is "no reason for the U.S. Consumer to pay the Tariffs" is false.

据CNN报道，包括服装和电子元件在内，当下关税针对的大多数中国产品并非在美国制造。至于极少可以从美国制造中找到替代品的商品，也存伸缩性的问题——美国企业缺乏生产出与从中国进口产品同等数量产品的能力。从这个层面来考虑，特朗普说“让美国消费者支付关税没道理”的说法是错误的。

牛津经济研究院的一名首席美国经济学家 Greg Daco对CNN说，“特朗普政府的说辞有误导性”。

 "The type of imports that we bring in from China and the scale of the imports ... make substitution, at least immediate substitution, nearly impossible."

“我们从中国进口的商品类型和进口规模，很难在本国找到合适的替代，至少短期内找到替代几乎是不可能的。”

Part of the problem is that the US no longer has the manufacturing base it once did. 

一个原因就是，现在的美国已经不再拥有以往那么大规模的制造业产业链了。

According to Robert E. Scott, senior economist at the Economic Policy Institute, over the past two decades, the US has lost roughly a third of its manufacturing capacity, as more than 90,000 factories have closed and 5 million manufacturing jobs have been lost.

经济政策研究所的一名高级经济学家Robert E. Scott表示，过去20年里美国失去了几乎三分之一的制造业产能；超过9万个美国工厂被关闭，500万个制造业岗位消失。

"Entire industries no longer exist in this country," said Scott. "So it's false to suggest we can just buy American instead of paying tariffs."

“美国已不再拥有完整的制造业产业链了。因此，政府建议只买美国商品来避免支付更高税费的做法站不住脚。”

Via edition.cnn.com

Via strategyand.pwc.com

漏洞二：中国支付的新增关税，将直接流向美国财政部。

Via AP; 特朗普政府的贸易理论不成立

TRUMP: “Tariffs are NOW being paid to the United States by China of 25% on 250 Billion Dollars worth of goods & products. These massive payments go directly to the Treasury of the U.S.” 

特朗普政府：“美国现在向2500亿美元的中国商品征收25%的关税。这些新增的巨额税款将直接流向美国财政部。”

Via AP

Via Getty Images

这话听起来很给力，让美国民众误以为对中国商品加征关税有利于美国财政。

但美联社很快用事实论据，戳破了特朗普政府美好但站不住脚的说辞。

THE FACTS: This is not how tariffs work. China is not writing a check to the U.S. Treasury. The tariffs are paid by American companies, which usually pass the cost on to consumers through higher prices. 

事实：关税并不是这么运作的。中国并不是直接给美国财政部开一张支票。新增的关税实际上是美国公司在支付；而美国公司又会将新增的成本通过更高的售价转嫁到消费者身上。

One of the theories is that the higher prices will encourage consumers to buy goods made in the U.S. or elsewhere instead. But the risk is that consumers could simply respond by spending less than they otherwise would, which would hurt growth.

特朗普政府的一个观点是，如果从中国进口的商品在美国售价更高，这会鼓励本土消费者购买更多美国或其他地方生产的商品。但政府没考虑到的一个风险是，美国消费者可能会因此缩减消费，从而影响美国的经济增长。

Via AP

美国经济学家们的一项报告指出，特朗普政府对从中国和其他国家进口商品征收的关税，将由购买进口商品的美国消费者和企业承担。

By the end of last year, the study found, the public and U.S. companies were paying $3 billion a month in higher taxes and absorbing $1.4 billion a month in lost efficiency.

该报告指出，截至18年年底，美国社会和企业为更高的进口关税每月新增支出达30亿美元；新增的进口关税让美国因效率问题每月损失14亿美元。

Via AP

漏洞三：美国的农业不需要中国来拯救。

Via Getty Images

TRUMP: “Your President got tired of waiting for China to help out and start buying from our FARMERS"...

特朗普政府：“你们的总统不想靠中国来帮助美国农民，买美国农产品了”...

Via AP

话虽然说得很硬气，但事实是怎样的？

THE FACTS: The notion that China doesn’t buy from U.S. farmers is false. China is the fourth-largest export market for U.S. agriculture. It bought $9.3 billion in U.S. agricultural products last year.

事实：中国没向美国农民购买（农产品）的说法是违背事实的。中国是美国农产品第四大出口市场。去年，中国从美国进口了价值约93亿美元的农产品。

Via AP

美国农民到底需不需要中国的支持？美国农民们的心声是这样的：“我一毛钱都没看到啊！”

Via usatoday.com；AP发现，特朗普政府关于与中国贸易摩擦的言论并不准确，充满迷惑性

漏洞四：与中国的贸易让美国每年损失5000亿美元。

TRUMP: “We have lost 500 Billion Dollars a year, for many years, on Crazy Trade with China. NO MORE!”.

特朗普政府：“多年以来，与中国进行贸易让我们每年损失5000亿美元。不能再这样下去了！”

Via AP

这话说的...美媒也听不下去了。

THE FACTS: That’s wrong. When sizing up the trade deficit, Trump always ignores trade in services — where the U.S. runs a surplus with China — and speaks only of goods. Even in that context, he misstated the imbalance.

事实：这个言论有误。每当估算贸易逆差的时候，特朗普政府只拿商品说事，总是不提中美在服务业领域的贸易差。在服务业领域,美国对中国是保持贸易顺差的。即便是在商品贸易领域，特朗普也没有如实描述中美贸易的不平衡。

Trump is also misleading when he puts the deficit in that ballpark for many years. It’s true the imbalance has long been lopsided. But the U.S. Trade Representative’s Office notes that exports of goods to China have increased by nearly 73% since 2008 and U.S. exports to China overall are up 527% since 2001.

特朗普政府称，这种贸易逆差已经持续多年了。这说法也有误导性。虽然中美贸易的不平衡存在已久，但是美国贸易代表办公室的文件证明，美国对中国出口的商品自2008年以来增长了几乎73%；自2001年起，美国对中国出口整体上增长了527%。

Nor is the trade gap a “loss” in a pure sense. U.S. consumers and businesses get electronics, furniture, clothing and other goods in return for their money. They are buying things, not losing cash.

贸易差额也不能单纯地被称作“损失”。美国的消费者和企业也用钱换来了电子产品、家具、服饰和其他产品。美国人从中国人那里买到了商品，而不是在亏钱。

Via AP

Via AP